The Mahakumbh, a monumental religious congregation, stands as a symbol of faith and spirituality, drawing millions of devotees from across the globe. Rooted in deep mythology and tradition, the term “Kumbh” originates from Sanskrit, meaning a pot or vessel. This sacred event, recognized as the world’s largest pilgrimage and honored by UNESCO in 2019, is steeped in stories and rituals that date back centuries.
The origins of the Mahakumbh trace back to Hindu mythology, particularly the Samudra Manthan or the churning of the ocean by the Devas and Asuras. It is believed that during this celestial event, a pot of Amrit (nectar of immortality) emerged, and a few drops fell on Earth, sanctifying four locations: Haridwar, Prayagraj, Ujjain, and Nashik. These places now host the Kumbh Mela, a periodic festival celebrated every 12 years, with smaller events like the Ardha Kumbh every six years and other gatherings every three years.
The Mahakumbh, occurring once every 144 years, is considered the most auspicious of all. Its rarity is derived from the calculation of 12 complete Kumbhs, signifying an era of unparalleled spiritual energy and devotion. The 2025 Mahakumbh at Prayagraj marks a historic moment, as it comes after more than a century, drawing an estimated 400 million visitors. This colossal event is supported by an unprecedented level of planning and resources to accommodate the influx of pilgrims.
The Uttar Pradesh government has invested heavily in infrastructure, sanitation, and safety measures to ensure a seamless experience. Over ₹70 billion has been allocated for various projects, including advanced firefighting systems, a dedicated app for navigation, and AI-powered chatbots to assist visitors. Indian Railways has expanded its services, adding coaches to key trains like the Prayagraj Express and Lucknow Mail, while sanitation efforts involve the deployment of 10,000 workers and the installation of 1.5 lakh toilets. A QR code-based monitoring system has been introduced to maintain hygiene standards, and compact sweeping machines have been employed to keep the area clean.
Medical facilities have also been prioritized, with 24-hour services, a 100-bed temporary hospital, and over 1,100 healthcare professionals, including specialized care for women and children, ensuring the well-being of attendees. Accommodation partnerships with renowned entities like the Taj Group and collaborations with organizations such as Geeta Press and Reliance Consumer Products Limited reflect the scale of planning and execution.
The Mahakumbh’s cultural and spiritual significance extends beyond rituals, serving as a socio-economic and governance hub. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the preservation and promotion of India’s religious and cultural heritage have taken center stage. Projects such as the restoration of Kashi Vishwanath and Kedarnath, the development of Ayodhya, and the inauguration of the new Parliament building with its symbolic Sengol have underscored the nation’s commitment to Sanatan Dharma.
As the 2025 Mahakumbh unfolds, it represents not just a spiritual gathering but also a vision of modern India rooted in its eternal values. This extraordinary event continues to embody the unity, cultural richness, and enduring faith that define Bharat, serving as a beacon of hope and harmony for generations to come.
The article is written by Avishruti Sarkar, a Researcher, Strategist and Policy Maker based in New Delhi.